聚丙烯／滑石粉复合材料的等温结晶动力学

用差示扫描量热法(DSC)研究聚丙烯(PP)及PP／滑石粉复合材料的等温结晶过程。用Avrami方程全面分析PP／滑石粉的等温结晶动力学，并由此获得相关的动力学参数；用Kissinger方程研究滑石粉对PP／滑石粉复合材料结晶活化能的影响。研究表明：加入滑石粉后明显提高PP／滑石粉复合材料的结晶速率和结晶度；证明滑石粉能促进PP材料的结晶，并在PP结晶过程中起到异相成核作用。PP／滑石粉复合材料的等温结晶过程属于典型的异相成核机理。     

热压2％（mol）Y_2O_3－ZrO_2陶瓷中t－m相等温转变

用热膨胀分析、Ｘ射线衍射研究了热压２％（ｍｏｌ）Ｙ＿２Ｏ＿３－ＺｒＯ＿２陶瓷中ｔ－ｍ等温转变动力学。结果表明：经过快速冷却而得到的四方相（ｔ）在随后２００～４００℃区间保温时发生了四方相（ｔ）到单斜相（ｍ）的转变。该转变的时间－温度－转变量（ＴＴＴ）曲线呈Ｃ形，鼻子温度为３００℃。高于或低于上述温度范围，未出现ｍ相，可用Ａｖｒａｍｉ方程的一般形式来描述动力学曲线。该相变的形核与长大均是时间的函数，相变激活能为２８．６７ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ。ｔ相的亚稳性不仅与稳定剂分布及晶粒尺寸有关，而且还受冷却速度所控制。     

荧光光谱法研究茶碱与血红蛋白的相互作用

运用荧光光谱法研究了茶碱与牛血红蛋白(BHb)的相互作用,茶碱对牛血红蛋白的荧光猝灭过程主要为静态猝灭。测定了不同温度下该反应的结合常数、结合位点数及结合热力学参数,热力学参数的变化,表明上述作用过程是一个熵增加、自由能降低的自发分子间作用过程,而且是以疏水作用为主。用同步荧光技术考察了茶碱对BHb构象的影响。     

Status of aqueous surfactant phase science

Recent phase studies of several surfactant-water systems, using new or refined methods, have revealed significant errors in earlier phase diagrams. These diagrams had been determined largely using methods based on the isoplethal phase studies principle. This principle has inherent limitations which do not exist in isothermal methods. Isothermal nuclear magnetic resonance and refined calorimetric methods have been extensively used in recent surfactant phase studies. Methods based on the new lyotrope gradient (swelling) principle show great promise as a means of improving the efficiency and quality of surfactant phase studies.     

丙烯酸接枝线形低密度聚乙烯的热学行为及结晶形态

利用差示扫描量热仪研究了丙烯酸接枝线形低密度聚乙烯（PE-LLD-g-AA）的热学行为，结果表明，与纯线形低密度聚乙烯（PE—LLD）相比，PE-LLD-g-AA的熔融温度（Tm）略有增加，结晶温度（Tc）增加大约4℃，熔融焓（AHm）随AA含量的增加而降低。还利用差示扫描量热仪研究了PE—LLD和PE—LLD-g—AA的等温结晶动力学，用扫描电子显微镜观察了PE—LLD-g—AA等温结晶形态。结果表明，PE-LLD-g-AA的结晶速率大于纯PE—LLD的，随着接枝率的增加，PE-LLD的球晶半径减小，接枝到PE—LLD分子链上的AA分子起到了成核剂的作用。     

meso－苯基四苯并卟啉的合成和光谱性能研究（Ⅱ）

本文将ｍｅｓｏ－苯基四苯并卟啉锌（Ｚｎ－Ｐ_ｎＴＢＰｎ＝１～４）在酸性条件下脱锌，获得了不含金属离子的ｍｅｓｏ－苯基四苯并卟啉（Ｈ_２Ｐ_ｎＴＢＰｎ＝１～４）。研究了它们的吸收光谱、荧光光谱及在溶液状态下的瞬态光谱特性，并对照相应的锌卟啉，讨论了两者之间的光谱差异。     

Studies on crystal morphology and crystallization kinetics of polypropylene filled with CaCO3 of different size and size distribution

Changes in the crystal morphology, crystallinity, and the melting temperature of thermoplastics resulted in significant changes in the mechanical behavior of composites containing them. For this reason, the research of crystal morphology and crystallization kinetics in thermoplastic composites became an important requirement. The thermoplastic filled with the filler of different size gradation was a new method for improving processability of thermoplastic composites. We have previously reported that the melt viscosity of polypropylene (PP) composites, which were filled with 30 wt % CaCO₃ of effective size gradation, could be evidently declined. In this study, two sizes of CaCO₃, 325 meshes and 1500 meshes, were blended by different proportions and filled into PP matrix with 30 wt %. Crystal morphology and isothermal crystallization kinetics of a series of composites were characterized by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and polarizing microscope. The results showed that composites filled with CaCO₃ of effective size gradation leaded to a well‐crystalline order and a large crystal size, while their isothermal crystallization kinetics and crystallization rate constant (k) were declined, and their Avrami exponents (n) and crystallization half‐life (t_1/2) were increased compared with the composites filled with single size CaCO₃. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 2437–2444, 2006     

Influence of isothermal aging onσprecipitation in super duplex stainless steel

The time-temperature-transformation (TTT) curve of the 00Cr25Ni7Mo4N duplex stainless steel was obtained with a Formastot-digital thermal dilatometer,and the influence of isothermal aging on σ precipitation was studied by metallographic observation,X-ray diffraction (XRD),and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).The results show that the decomposition of ferrite phase is accompanied by the formation of σ phase at 750-1000℃,especially in the range of 800-900℃.The longer the aging time,the higher the amount of σ precipitation.The area fraction of various phases remains at a certain value upon the completion of ferrite deformation.The temperature of 850℃ is the most sensitive transaction temperature,the incubation time for the formation of o precipitation is less than 1 min,and aging for 20 min leads to the complete transformation of ferrite.The o phase is formed preferentially at the α/α/γ junction,and then grows along the α/α boundary in the matrix.     

Electrical conductivity changes of bulk tin and Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu in bulk and in joints during isothermal aging

The changes of electrical conductivity(resistance) between Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu solder joints and printed circuit board(PCB) assembly during aging at 125℃were investigated by the four-point probe technique.The microstructural characterizations of interfacial layers between the solder matrix and the substrate were examined by optical microscopy and scanning electronic microscopy.Different types of specimens were designed to consider several factors.The experimental results indicate that electrical conductivitie...     

荧光法研究3种黄酮化合物与牛血清白蛋白的结合作用

运用荧光光谱法研究了生理酸度条件下（pH=7.4）3种黄酮化合物白杨素、芹菜素和桑色素与牛血清白蛋白（BSA）的结合作用。结果表明,3种黄酮化合物均能与BSA形成基态复合物导致BSA内源荧光猝灭,猝灭机理为静态猝灭。结合常数K（芹菜素）〉K（白杨素）〉K（桑色素）,结合位点数近似等于1,白杨素与BSA之间以疏水作用为主,而芹菜素、桑色素与BSA之间的作用力主要是氢键和范德华力。黄酮分子结构中羟基位置及个数影响其与BSA间的结合作用,C4＇-OH对结合有促进作用,而C3-OH的取代则导致作用力减弱。由Frster非辐射能量转移理论,计算出3种黄酮化合物在蛋白质中的结合位置与212位色氨酸残基间的距离分别为2.44 nm（白杨素）、3.34 nm（芹菜素）和3.31 nm（桑色素）。